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Volume : 03  
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Reg. No. : MAHA-703/16(NAG)  
Issue  
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: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19597462  
DOI  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH  
Pharmacognostical Study of Benincasa hispida from Ayurveda and Botanical  
View  
Dr. Mrunal R. Akre 1, Co-autor- Dr. Avinash S. Wade2  
1 HOD & Associate Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna, Global Institute of Ayurveda, Rajkot, Gujarat (PhD Sch.  
CSMSS Ayurveda Mahavidyalya, Aurangabad MS)  
2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Rogndan & Vikriti Vigyana, NACRC, SP University, Mahesana, Gujarat.  
Corresponding Author: Dr. Mrunal R. Akre  
ORCID ID: 0009-0002-4325-0889  
Article Info: Article Received on : 26/03/2026  
Article Reviewed on: 04/04/2026  
Article Published on : 15/04/2026  
Cite this article as: - Akre, M., & Wade, A. (2026). Pharmacognostical Study of Benincasa hispida from Ayurveda and Botanical  
View. International Journal of Diagnostics And Research, 3(3), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19597462  
Abstract  
Benincasa hispida, commonly known as winter melon, ash gourd, or white gourd, is a versatile plant with  
significant culinary, medicinal, and nutritional value. A member of the Cucurbitaceae family, this vine plant  
flourishes in tropical and subtropical climates, producing large, oblong fruits characterized by a waxy white  
exterior. Widely utilized in Asian cuisine, it serves as a key ingredient in soups, curries, and beverages.  
Beyond its culinary use, Benincasa hispida holds a prominent place in traditional herbal medicine, owing to  
its cooling, diuretic, and health-enhancing properties. This article delves into the plant’s morphology,  
nutritional composition, cultivation methods, and diverse applications, underscoring its importance as a  
sustainable resource in food systems and natural healthcare.  
Keywords- Benincasa hispida, Kushmanda, Petha, Ashguard,  
Copyright @ : - Dr.Mrunal Akre Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0113 |ISSN :2584-2757  
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Introduction :  
Discussion:  
Nature offers a wealth of plants that seamlessly  
blend culinary, medicinal, and nutritional benefits,  
and Benincasa hispida—commonly known as  
winter melon, ash gourd, or white gourd—is a  
1.Kushamand :Paka Kushmand was selected for  
the study, as it has laghu guna.  
A] Sahityiksamiksha :  
i. Vaidik literature :In Vedic literature very few  
references was observed regarding Kushmanda.  
Kushmanda is used instead of animal in yadnya for  
sacrifice (Kullukbhatta Tika). In Vishnu-dharma-  
sutra it is described as Shaka Vishesh (Vi.Dh.Su.  
79.17)  
shining  
example.  
As  
a
member  
of  
the  
Cucurbitaceae family, this vine thrives in tropical  
and subtropical climates, producing distinctive  
oblong fruits with a waxy white exterior.  
Celebrated for its versatility, Benincasa hispida has  
been a staple in Asian cuisine, where it enhances  
soups, curries, and beverages with its unique flavor  
and texture. Beyond the kitchen, this remarkable  
plant has earned recognition in traditional medicine  
for its cooling, diuretic, and restorative properties.  
This article explores the multifaceted nature of  
ii. Samhita Literature:  
a. Charaka Samhita  
Sr.  
No  
Page  
No  
Refrence for  
Sthan  
Shlok  
Kushmand  
described in  
Supyashaak  
Sutra  
sthan  
27/102  
399  
1
Guna karma of  
kushmand are  
described- Madhur,  
Amla, Laghu,  
Sarvadoshhar  
Benincasa  
hispida,  
including  
profile,  
its  
plant  
Sutra  
sthan  
27/113  
400  
2
characteristics,  
nutritional  
cultivation  
techniques, and diverse uses, highlighting its vital  
role as a sustainable and valuable resource in both  
food systems and natural healthcare. The Drug is  
mentioned for its Medya property. It is used in  
preparations like Kushmandavleha, Kushmanda  
ghrita and common to south Indian Kitchen. Along  
with nutritional values it lays its role in medicinal  
property as well as in custom rituals. A wide  
description is available in Vedas, Samhita,  
Nighantu, and other classical text, that gives  
b. Sushruta Samhita  
Sr.  
No  
Page  
No  
Refrence For  
Sthan  
Shlok  
Kushmanddescribed  
in Madhur varga  
Sutra  
sthan  
1
42/18  
158  
Guna of Kushmand  
are described- rasa-  
madhur, virya- Shita,  
Sutra  
sthan  
2
45/120  
179  
Vipak-  
Madhur,Abhishyandi  
, Mootral  
Guna of kushmand  
are described-  
unriped fruit-  
morphological,  
pharacognstical,  
therapeutical,  
Sutra  
sthan  
Pittaghna, Shukral,  
Riped fruit- Laghu,  
ushna, Mootral,  
agnidipak etc  
46/213  
202  
18  
3
detail of the drug.  
Aim: To evaluate the literature available on  
Shape of vikrit  
garbha resembles to  
kushmand  
Kushmand- Benincasa hispida  
Shaari  
rsthan  
2/53  
31/5  
4
5
Methodology: All classical text, Phamacognosy  
Use of sneh of  
kushmand in  
text and recent research articles were studied.  
Chikits  
asthan  
133  
mootravrodh  
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AshtangHridya[11]  
Valliphal  
c. Ashtang Hridya  
3
II. Nighantu  
Page  
No  
Sr.No  
Refrence for  
Sthan  
Shlok  
Sr.no  
Nighantu  
Classification  
Guduchyadi Varga  
Shaakvarga  
Guna of  
kushmand are  
described-  
Madhur-rasa &  
paka, guru,  
vattapittahar  
contain in  
1
2
3
4
5
6
Dhanvantari  
Madanpal  
Sutra  
sthan  
6/85-  
87  
52  
1
Raj Nighantu  
Kaiydev  
Pipplyadi Varga  
Aushadhivarga- Phalshaak  
Shaakvarga  
Sutra  
sthan  
kushmand  
3/113  
8/21  
391  
430  
2
3
Bhavprakash  
Priyanighantu  
rasayan paak  
contain in yoga  
used in Arsh  
contain in  
Sutra  
sthan  
Pipplyadi arga  
kushmand ghrit  
used in  
Uttar  
sthan  
III] Botanical  
Kingdom  
7/28  
624  
for  
4
Apasmaar  
Plantae – Plants  
1. Madhurvalli phal -  
Synonym  
Tracheobionata- Vascular plants  
Spermatophyta- seed plants  
Magnoliophyta- Flowering Plant  
Magnliopsida- Dicotyledons  
Dilleniidae  
Subkingdom  
Superdivision  
Division  
Kushmand and other fruit of climber used in  
Sushrut samhita [1]  
2. Karkaruk- Synonym for Kushmand- according  
to dalhan it is karkati or near to kushmand or  
melon or unripe melon (chark samhita 19/33).  
iii. Nighantu Literature :  
Class  
Subclass  
Order  
Cucurbitels  
Cucurbitaceae- Cucumber  
Family  
Sr.N  
o
Descriptio Descriptio Descriptio  
Descripti  
on  
Priya  
Title  
Description  
Description Description  
Family  
Genus  
Species  
n
Dhanvantri Shodhal Madanpal[ Rajnighant  
n
n
Kaiydev  
Bhavprakas  
Nighantu  
[6]  
1
2
Nighantu  
Nighantu[  
9]  
[3]  
4]  
Nighantu[2]  
u[5]  
h[7]  
Aushadhi  
Shaka  
Varga  
Guduchyadi Guduchya  
Varga  
Pipplyadi  
Varga  
Pippalyad  
i Varga  
Gana  
Guna  
Shakvarga  
Varga-  
Benincasa Savi- benincasa P  
Bennincasa hispida (Tunb.)  
Cogn. Waxgourd  
di  
phala Shaka  
Rasa-  
Guru(Pak Guru(Pak  
wa-  
Madhur,  
Vipaka-  
Madhur,  
Virya-  
Sheeta,  
Ruksha,  
Guru,  
Rasa-  
Madhur,  
Virya-  
Sheeta,  
Vipaka-  
Madhur,  
Laghu  
wa-  
Rasa-  
Madhur;  
Virya-  
sheeta,  
Pitta-Har  
Virya-  
Sheeta,  
Rasa-  
Laghu),  
Virya-  
Sheeta,  
Rasa-  
Laghu),  
Virya-  
Sheeta,  
Rasa-  
3
4
5
--  
Madhura  
Madhur, Madhur,  
kshaar  
Brihan, Mootraghat  
Kapha-  
Vata-pitta  
har, Hridya, Brihan,  
Vrishya, Balya,  
Bastishodha Pittahar,  
n, Brihan,  
Pathya  
Kaphakar,  
Pittahar,  
Abhishyan Dipan,  
di, Vata- Basti  
pittahar shodhan,  
har,  
Pramha  
har,  
Ashmari  
chedan,  
Vatapittahar  
, Vrishya,  
Hridya,  
Bastishudhi  
kar  
Medya,  
Vrishya,  
Pittahar,  
Brihan,  
mootral  
C] Paryayi naam and Nirukti and Vernacular  
names  
I. Paryayi Naam[12]  
Medya,  
Karma  
Retorogah Trish-Arati  
ar, Vrishya har, Balya  
Pakwa  
Kushmand-  
Laghu,  
Apakva-  
Ushna,  
Guru,  
Used in  
Kshatksh  
ya,  
Specificati Shreshtha in  
on  
valliphala  
Skshaar,  
Pakwa-  
Madhur,  
Laghu  
i. Sanskrit (24) - Brihatphala, Ghrinavasa,  
Visarpa  
pathya,  
Sarvadoshah  
ar.  
Gramyakarkati,  
Kumbhanda,  
Kushmanda,  
Karkaru,  
Kumbhaphala,  
Kushmandaka,  
Kusmanda,  
Karkotika,  
Kunjaphala,  
Kushmandi,  
Kusmandaka,  
B] Classification  
I. Samhita  
Sr.  
Kushpandaha,  
Samhita  
Classification  
No  
Kusmandika, Nagapushpaphala, Pitapushpa,  
1
Charak Samhita[9]  
Supyashaak  
Madhur varga,  
Shaakvarga  
Pushpaphala,  
Valliphalah  
Shikhivardhaka,  
Timisha,  
2
Sushrut Samhita[10]  
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ii.  
English - Ash Pumpkin, Wax Gourd  
Hindi Bhujailu, Gol-Kaddu,  
Kadu, Khola,  
Kumra, Petha,  
II. Nirukti[13]  
:
iii.  
-
ï‚· Pushpaphala:-Fruit carry the ruminant of  
flowers  
Golkaddu,  
Kudimah,  
Raksa  
Kondha,  
Phuthia,  
ï‚· Peetapushpa:-Flowers are yellow coloured  
ï‚· Brihatphala:-Fruits are big in size-  
ï‚· Sthiraphala:-Fruits are hard  
iv.  
v.  
Kannada – Bilay  
Malayalam – Cumbulam  
Marathi – Kohala  
ï‚· Valliphalottama:-Fruits is considered best  
among cucurbitaceae family  
vi.  
vii.  
viii.  
ix.  
x.  
Tamil – Alattuppucanikkoti  
Telugu - Boarda Goomoodoo  
Tibetan - Ku-Sma-Nda-Ka  
Urdu - Paitha, Petha  
ï‚· Kushmanda:-Seeds  
does  
not  
prosses  
ushnata-  
ï‚· Kumbaphala:-Fruits are like pitcher  
Somasrishta:-Fruits are watery-  
xi.  
Synonyms In Samhita  
D]Morphology (Macroscopic and Microscopic)  
[14]  
Sr.  
No  
Charaka Sushruta Ashtang  
Synonyms  
Samhita  
Samhita  
Hridya  
I. Macroscopic :  
Cucurbitaceae[15]  
Kushmand  
Madhurvalli  
phala  
+
+
+
1
2
3
Herbs or undershrubs usually climbing. Leaves  
alternate, petiolate, frequently cordate, simple, or  
palmately or pedately divided. Tendrils when  
present lateral, solitary, simple or divided, spirally  
twisted. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, yellow  
or white, solitary paniculate orracemose. Calyx-  
tube adnate to the overy; limb rotate, campanulate  
or tubular, 5- (rarely 3-6) lobed, imbricate. Petals as  
many as the calyx- lobes inserted on the limb of the  
calyx, free or rarely gamopetalous, sometime,  
lobed or fimbriate, valvate or involute in buud.  
Stamens inserted at mouth, or about the middle or  
at the base of he calyx tube, usally 3 (rarely 5);  
anthers free, cohering or confluent into a capitulum,  
one usually 1-celled, the other two celled, the cells  
flexuous or conduplicate extrorsely dehiscent, the  
connective sometimes, produced beyond, the cell.  
Overy inferior, or rarely free, at apexonly, usually,  
-
+
-
-
-
Karkaruk  
+
xii.  
Synonyms in Nighantu  
Sr.No  
1
Synonyms  
Kushmandaki  
Sthirphala  
Pitaka  
Bha  
-
RN  
+
-
KN  
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
MN  
+
-
DN  
+
-
PN  
-
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
+
-
-
4
Somaka  
-
-
-
-
5
Amruta  
-
-
-
-
-
6
Mahaphala  
Pushpaphala  
Kumbhari  
Somgushtika  
Pitapushpa  
Brihatphala  
Valliphala  
Kumbhaphala  
Sthirphala  
Kushmandi  
Karkaruphala  
Phandi  
-
-
-
-
-
7
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
-
-
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Rajkarkati  
Karkotika  
Suphala  
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nagapushpaphala  
Muni  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Kushmand  
+
+
+
+
+
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3-capellary, ovules usally many, horizontal, rarely  
few and pendulous, style 1 with large stigmas,  
placente usally 3, edges of the carpellary leaves  
being often turned in so far that the overy is  
spuriously 3-celled. Fruit usually a fleshy berry,  
indehiscent or dehiscing by valves, or by a  
circumscissile lid. Seeds numerous, often packed in  
pulp or fibre.  
II. Microscopic[18]  
:
Mature fruit shows cuticularised epicarp consisting  
of single layered, squarish or slightly tangentially  
elongated cells of epidermis, outer tangential walls  
of epidermis thickened and cuticularised; a few  
epidermal cells divide periclinally and become 2 or  
3 layered; mesocarp has a heterogenous structure  
consisting of multilayered hypodermis composed of  
Benincasa[16]  
tangentially  
elongated,  
thin-walled,  
A large trailing or climbing gourd, softly hairy;  
tendrils 2-fid. Leaves cordate, reniform orbicular,  
more or less deeply 5-lobed; petiole without glands.  
Flowers large, yellow, monoecious, all solitary  
without bracts. Male: Calyx-tube campanulate;  
lobes 5, leaf likeserrate. Petals 5, nearly, separate  
obvate. Stamens 3, inserted near the mouth of the  
tube; anthers exert, free, one 1-celeld, two 2-celled,  
cells sigmoid. Female: calyx and corolla asin the  
male. Ovary oblong, densly hairy, style thick with 3  
flexuose stigmas; ovules numerous, horizontal;  
placentae 3. Fruit large, fleshy, oblong pubescent,  
indehiscent, seeds many oblong compressed  
margined.  
parenchymatous cells; immediately within this is a  
zone of thick-walled, multilayered, lignified  
sclereids with the outer one to three layers thicker  
than the inner 2 to 6 or more layers; beneath this  
zone,  
thinwalled  
tangentially  
elongated,  
parenchymatous cells present, their size gradually  
increasing from those at periphery to those inside of  
mesocarp, the latter becoming circular having  
conspicuous intercellular spaces; vascular bundles  
poorly developed, bicollateral, found scattered  
throughout mesocarp.  
E] Guna karma  
a. Guna  
Benincasa hispida[17]  
Sushrut Ashta  
Sr.  
No  
Charaka  
Samhita  
a
Samhit  
a
ng  
Hridy  
a
Stems stout, angular, hispd. Leaves 11.5 cm. diam,  
hispid beneath; petiole 7.5-10 cm, male peduncle  
7.5-10 cm; female peduncle shorter. Calyx-teeth  
when young often narrow and scarcely serrate.  
Filaments angular, hispid at the base, fruit 30-45  
cm, long, broadly cylindric, not ribbed, hairy,  
ultimately covered with a waxy bloom.  
Guna  
Madh  
Rasa  
+(Amla)  
+
+
+
1
2
ura  
Guna  
Laghu  
+
+(pakw  
a-  
Sheet  
a
Virya  
-
3
4
Ushna)  
Vipak  
a
Madh  
ur  
+
+
+
+
Drug occurs in deformed, compressed, cut pieces of  
various sizes; epicarp cream coloured with light  
yellowish to brownish mesocarp; taste, slightly  
acidic.  
Abishya  
ndi,  
Vatap  
itta  
Prabh  
ava  
Sarvados  
hhar  
5
Agnidip  
ak,  
Har  
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c. Nutritional Benefits :  
Sr.  
No  
Guna  
Bha  
RN  
KN  
D
N
M
N
P
N
Benincasa hispida is a low-calorie, nutrient-rich  
vegetable that offers a range of health benefits. It  
primarily consists of water (around 96%) and is an  
excellent source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and  
minerals. Below is a breakdown of its typical  
nutritional composition per 100 grams of fresh  
winter melon:  
Ras  
Mad  
hura  
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
1
a
Guna  
Lag  
hu  
Guru,  
Ruksh  
a
-
Gu  
ru,  
Pak  
va-  
Lag  
hu  
2
Vir  
ya  
Shee  
ta  
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
3
4
5
Amount  
Vip  
aka  
Mad  
hura  
+
+
-
Nutrient  
(per 100  
g)  
Health Benefits  
Prabhav  
Pitt  
aha  
r
Pitt  
aha  
r
Trido  
shhar  
Low-calorie content  
makes it ideal for  
weight management.  
Helps in hydration and  
supports detoxification.  
Provides a small energy  
boost with minimal  
sugar.  
13 kcal  
~96 g  
3 g  
Calories  
Water  
Mootral  
b. Karma:  
Sr.  
Carbohydrates  
B
R
N
K
M
N
D
N
P
Karma  
Contributes to overall  
protein intake.  
No  
ha  
N
N
0.4 g  
0.2 g  
Protein  
Fat  
Vatapittahar  
1
2
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
Negligible fat content  
makes it heart-friendly.  
Aids in digestion,  
prevents constipation,  
and promotes gut  
health.  
Boosts immunity,  
promotes skin health,  
and acts as an  
Shukravardhak  
Kaphavardhak  
Brihan  
3
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
0.6 g  
Dietary Fiber  
Vitamin C  
4
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
Vrishya  
5
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
Mootral  
6
-
13 mg  
(15% DV)  
Medya  
7
-
-
-
-
Ksatkshya har  
Gulmahar  
Hridya  
8
-
-
-
-
-
antioxidant.  
Supports energy  
metabolism and  
nervous system  
9
-
-
-
-
-
Trace  
amounts  
Vitamin B-  
complex  
10  
11  
12  
13  
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
Arochakhar  
Pramehahar  
Trisha/Aratihar  
Kricchaashmari  
chedan  
-
+
+
+
-
-
function.  
Helps regulate blood  
pressure and maintain  
heart health.  
Supports bone health  
and muscle function.  
Essential for bone  
strength and energy  
production.  
-
-
-
-
-
150 mg  
(4% DV)  
Potassium  
Calcium  
-
-
-
-
-
19 mg  
(2% DV)  
14  
-
-
-
-
-
-
Balya  
15  
16  
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
12 mg  
Phosphorus  
Bastishodhak  
Mansik roga  
har  
+
+
Assists in oxygen  
transport and prevents  
anemia.  
17  
+
-
-
-
-
-
0.4 mg  
(2% DV)  
Iron  
Supports muscle  
relaxation and overall  
metabolism.  
10 mg  
Magnesium  
Copyright @ : - Dr.Mrunal Akre Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0113 |ISSN :2584-2757  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]  
Key Health Benefits:  
G] kalpa :  
Sr.  
No  
Roga  
Anu  
Kalpa  
Ref  
1. Weight Management: The high water  
content and low calorie count make it an  
excellent choice for weight loss.  
dhikar  
pan  
Kushmandaa Raktapi  
Koshn  
a Jala  
Koshn  
ajal  
Sha.S.M  
8/22-28  
Bhai.R.2  
5\34  
1
2
vleha  
Kushmandak  
Ghrita  
tta  
Apasm  
ar  
2. Hydration and Detoxification: Its rich  
water content helps maintain hydration and  
supports kidney function for detox.  
Raktapi  
tta,  
3. Digestive Health: The fiber aids in smooth  
digestion and promotes gut health.  
KushmandK  
handa  
Bhai.R13  
/95-101  
3
4
Jala  
Kshya  
4. Blood Pressure Regulation: Potassium  
helps maintain electrolyte balance and  
supports heart health.  
Kushmandgu Grahan  
d kaliyan  
Bhi.R8/1  
47-156  
Water  
i
5. Immunity Booster: Its vitamin C content  
Conclusion :  
strengthens  
the  
immune  
system  
and  
In summary, Benincasa hispida, or winter melon,  
stands out as a remarkable plant that bridges the  
gap between culinary tradition, nutritional well-  
being, and medicinal value. Its adaptability to  
tropical and subtropical climates, combined with its  
diverse applications in food and traditional  
combats oxidative stress.  
d. Pharmacological activity of Kushmand :  
Kushamand shows following pharmacological  
activity- Anti-Ulcer, Anti-angiogenic Effect,  
Gastroprotective / Anti-Ulcer / Antioxidant,  
Bronchodilator Effect, Opioid Withdrawal  
remedies,  
underscores  
its  
importance  
as  
a
sustainable resource. From enriching diets with its  
mild flavor and essential nutrients to offering  
therapeutic benefits through its cooling and diuretic  
properties, Benincasa hispida continues to play a  
vital role in both cultural and health practices. As  
the demand for natural and sustainable solutions  
grows, this versatile plant remains an invaluable  
asset to food systems and natural healthcare,  
warranting further exploration and appreciation.  
Benefit,  
Antipyretic,  
Anti-diarrheal,  
Antioxidant / Alzheimer's disease, Anorectic /  
Potential Anti-Obesity Benefit.  
F] Chemical constituents :  
Pic : Cucurbitine structure  
Copyright @ : - Dr.Mrunal Akre Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0113 |ISSN :2584-2757  
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Volume : 03 Issue : 03  
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]  
9. Acharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta  
References:  
1. Shastri A. Sushruta Samhita Varanasi: Vol-  
Tripathi, Charksamhita, Vaidyamanorama-  
Hindi commentary, Vol-1, Chaukhamba  
Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi, 2005, pg.399,  
Sutrasthan 27/102  
1, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2005,  
pg.91, Sutrasthan 21/23  
2. Priyavrat Sharma, Dhanvantari Nighantu  
Bambai: Chaukhambha Oriental; 1982. Pg.  
49  
10. Shastri A. Sushruta Samhita Varanasi: Vol-  
1, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2005,  
pg.158, Sutrasthan 42/18  
3. Priyavrat  
Sharma,  
Shodhal  
Nighantu  
Varanasi: Chaukhambha Oriental; 1972. Pg.  
187, II/1/185  
11. Vaid L. Ashtanghridyam Varanasi: Motilal  
Banarasidas; 2005. Pg 52, Sutrasthan 6/87  
4. Badhopadhya  
R.  
Madanpal  
Nighantu  
12. Indian Medicinal Plant Database. [Online].;  
Bambai: Khemraj Shriramkrushna; 1990.  
pg. 141  
2010 [ cited 2016 January Thursday.  
Available  
from  
http:  
//www.medicinalplants.in/searchpage/3sho  
wdetails/xplant_id/739a42451fb9c14fd1f38  
2b72baf507d/keywords/shata/languages/SK  
.
5. Tripathi  
I.  
Raj  
Nighantu  
Varanasi:  
Krishnadas Academy; 1982. Pg. 258,  
6. Priyavrat  
Pathyapatyavibodhak,  
Oriental, Varanasi, 1979, pg 96, 527-530  
Sharma,  
Kaiydev  
Nighantu,  
13. Namrupa vigyan pvsharma  
Chaukhambha  
14. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopia Of India Vol-  
IV, Delhi: Government of India, Ministery  
of Health and Family Welfare, Department  
of Ayush.  
7. Krushnachand  
Chunekar,  
Bhavprakash  
Nighantu,  
Savimarsh-HIndivyakhya,  
Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi,  
2010, pg 666, 9/53  
15. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal  
Plants. In: Singh B, Singh MP, editors.  
Dehradun India: New Connaught Place;  
1984.pg.1104  
8. Priyavrat  
Sharma,  
PRIYA  
Nighantu,  
PADMA  
Commentary,  
Chaukhambha  
Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, 2001, pg 70,  
69,70  
16. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal  
Plants. In: Singh B, Singh MP, editors.  
Copyright @ : - Dr.Mrunal Akre Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0113 |ISSN :2584-2757  
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Volume : 03 Issue : 03  
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]  
Dehradun India: New Connaught Place;  
1984.p. 1126  
17. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal  
Plants. In: Singh B, Singh MP, editors.  
Dehradun India: New Connaught Place;  
1984. p.1127  
18. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopia Of India Vol-  
IV, Delhi: Government of India, Ministery  
of Health and Family Welfare, Department  
of Ayush.  
Declaration :  
Conflict of Interest : None  
ISSN: 2584-2757  
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19597462  
Dr. Mrunal Akre Inter. J.Digno. and Research  
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